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The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of substance abuse prevention education on the knowledge and attitude toward substance of a elementary school students. The subjects of this study were the 5th-grade 144 elementary school students (73 for experimental group: 71 for control group) at 2 elementary schools in G city. The data were collected from April to May in 2002. Substance abuse prevention education was done for 40 minutes/1 time, at interval 2-3 day's six times during 2 weeks for experimental group. The instruments used for this study were a questionnaire for assessing the knowledge and attitude toward substance. The data were analyzed by mean, SD, χ²-test, t-test, and Chronbach's alpha using SPSS PC 10.0 program. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The first hypothesis was supported that the score of knowledge about the substance in experimental group showed higher than that in control group (t=5.67, p<.001). 2. The second hypothesis was supported that the score of attitude toward the substance in experimental group showed higher than that in control group (t=5.32, p=.003). In conclusion, the substance abuse prevention education was effective on the change of the knowledge and attitude of substance in the 5th-grade elementary school students. For the effective prevention education of substance abuse for elementary school students, it is necessary to develop the discriminative teaching aids according to each grade, and continue to study on versatile teaching methods.
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